Which procedure is used to remove layers of skin using a chemical solution?

The procedure that involves the removal of layers of skin using a chemical solution is chemical peeling. This technique employs various types of acid-based solutions that can penetrate different depths of the skin, depending on the specific treatment needed. Chemical peels are designed to improve the texture, appearance, and overall quality of the skin by promoting controlled exfoliation. By applying these solutions, damaged skin cells are dissolved, allowing fresh skin to emerge. This process can effectively address issues such as hyperpigmentation, fine lines, and acne scarring.

Other procedures listed, such as microdermabrasion, utilize physical exfoliation to remove dead skin cells, whereas laser resurfacing employs laser technology to stimulate skin renewal. Exfoliation, on the other hand, can be done through mechanical or manual methods and does not specifically involve a chemical solution. Thus, chemical peeling stands out as the correct choice for the method described in the question.